Localized loss of hypocretin (orexin) cells in narcolepsy without cataplexy. Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. First description of hypocretin deficiency in patients with narcolepsy. A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Primary progressive narcolepsy type 1: the other side of the coin. Temporal changes in the cerebrospinal fluid level of hypocretin-1 and histamine in narcolepsy. Validation of the ICSD-2 criteria for CSF hypocretin-1 measurements in the diagnosis of narcolepsy in the Danish population. Knudsen, S., Jennum, P., Alving, J., Sheikh, S. Predictors of hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in narcolepsy without cataplexy. High prevalence of precocious puberty and obesity in childhood narcolepsy with cataplexy. Complex movement disorders at disease onset in childhood narcolepsy with cataplexy. ![]() Psychosocial profile and quality of life in children with type 1 narcolepsy: a case–control study. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in pediatric narcolepsy: a cross-sectional study. Includes current classification of NT1 and NT2 and detailed descriptions of the two narcolepsy subtypes. International Classification of Sleep Disorders 3rd edn (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014). Improved diagnostic tools and increased understanding of the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 are needed and might lead to therapeutic or even preventative interventions.Īmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine. However, to date, no treatment hinders or slows disease development. Several medications are available for the symptomatic treatment of narcolepsy, all of which have quite good efficacy and safety profiles. Diagnosis of narcolepsy encompasses clinical, electrophysiological and biological evaluations, but simpler and faster procedures are needed. However, direct evidence in support of the autoimmune hypothesis is currently unavailable. ![]() The pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 is hypothesized to be the autoimmune destruction of the hypocretin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus this hypothesis is supported by immune-related genetic and environmental factors associated with the disease. Two subtypes of narcolepsy have been described (narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2), both of which have similar clinical profiles, except for the presence of cataplexy, which occurs only in patients with narcolepsy type 1. Problems faced by patients with narcolepsy include social stigma associated with this disease, difficulties in obtaining an education and keeping a job, a reduced quality of life and socioeconomic consequences. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that has a typical onset in adolescence and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which can have severe consequences for the patient.
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